A winter mecca for lovers of sun and sand, Tucson is located in southern Arizona on the Santa Cruz River, in a desert valley surrounded by mountains. It is the second largest city in the state, with a multi-cultural population estimated at more than 460,000--a tenfold increase in the past half century. Much of that growth is attributed to the dry, sunny climate which has made the area a leading health resort and retirement community. Tucson's growth also accelerated after World War II when many of the military men who had been stationed in the region returned to live.
In addition to a multimillion-dollar tourist industry, Tucson boasts an industrial economy based on the manufacture of aerospace, electronic, and optical equipment. The city is served by the Tucson International Airport, and it is an important railroad center. It is the site of the University of Arizona and the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.
The area's points of interest are many and varied: the Saint Augustine Cathedral; the Barrio Historico, a cluster of adobe buildings from the late 1800s; the Arizona State Museum, which features the most extensive collection of exhibits related to the Hohokam and Mogollon peoples; the prized sculptures at the University Museum of Art; the Arizona Historical Society Museum, with its focus on the region's early days; the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum; and the Mission San Xavier del Bar, a fine example of mission architecture, founded in the late 1700s by the Spanish Jesuit Eusebio Kino and located on the Tohono O'Odham Indian Reservation.
It is said the city name comes from the term Tohono O'Odham, roughly translated as "village of the dark spring at the foot of black mountain." The city was settled on a village site dating back to the 9th century and had long been occupied by Native Americans when Father Kino arrived in 1694. The Spanish established a military garrison there in 1776, and the town flourished within the walls of the fort. When Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, it also gained control of Tucson--until the region in 1653 became a possession of the United States through the Gadsden Purchase.
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